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Defining the Prevalence and Predictors of Restrictive and Obstructive Airway Pattern in a Non-Selected Malaysian Population

Original article

Abstrak

Insiden penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronik (COPD) di Malaysia semakin meningkat. Tiada kajian yang dilaporkan tentang obstruksi aliran udara spirometrik, termasuk corak restriktif dan obstruksif pada populasi di Malaysia. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengira prevalens dan meramal obstruksi aliran udara dan menjalankan pemeriksaan gejala COPD menggunakan peralatan baru AirSmart® Spirometry dan COPD Population Screener (COPD-PS). Kajian keratan rentas dilakukan di dua hospital tertiari menggunakan COPD-PS dan AirSmart® Spirometry. Terdapat 265 subjek yang direkrut dengan 11% dan 16% populasi yang masing-masing disaring mempunyai corak yang restriktif dan obstruksif. Dua puluh peratus subjek mempunyai skor COPD-PS lebih daripada lima. Tujuh puluh empat peratus subjek dengan corak obstruktif aktif atau bekas perokok (p=0,03, p<0,01), sementara subjek dengan corak restriktif lebih cenderung mempunyai indeks jisim badan (BMI) lebih daripada 23 (atau 2.52, 95% CI: 1.02-5.62) (p<0.01). Terdapat hubungan negatif antara “forced vital capacity” dan BMI (r=-0.5813, p<0.001). Kajian ini melaporkan prevalens tinggi obstruksif aliran udara termasuk corak restriktif menggunakan AirSmart® Spirometer baru. Prevalens penyakit saluran udara obstruktif yang tidak didiagnosa dan BMI yang tinggi boleh menyebabkan obstruksif aliran udara pada populasi kita.

Abstract

The incidence of  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Malaysia appear to be increasing. To date, there are no local studies describing restrictive and obstructive airflow limitation patterns using spirometry. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and predictors of airflow limitation symptoms by screening for COPD symptoms with  the COPD Population Screener (COPD-PS) questionnaire and determined the airflow limitation using the new hand-held device, AirSmart®. We recruited 265 subjects. Eleven percent had restrictive pattern and 16% had obstructive pattern. Twenty percent of subjects had COPD-PS score of more than five. In the obstructive pattern group, 74% were active or ex-smokers (p=0.03, p<0.01), whilst those with restrictive pattern were more likely to be heavier with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 23 (OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.02-5.62) (p<0.01). There was a negative correlation between forced vital capacity and BMI (r=-0.5813, p<0.001). We found a high prevalence restrictive pattern of airflow limitation using the new AirSmart® Spirometer. There appeared to be a large proportion of undiagnosed obstructive airway diseases and higher BMI could be the causes of limitation of airflow in our subjects.