Inverse Correlation between P53 and Bcl-2 Expression in Breast Carcinoma of Malaysian Patients

Downregulation of Bcl-2 by p53 in Breast Cancer

Prof. Dr. Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Husain, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur.Tel: 603-91455372 Fax: 603-91456676 Email: sharifah@ppukm.ukm.edu.my

Abdel-Fatah, T.M., Powe, D.G., Agboola, J., Adamowicz-Brice, M., Blamey, R.W., Lopez-Garcia, M.A., Green, A.R., Reis-Filho, J.S. & Ellis, I.O. 2010. The biological, clinical and prognostic implications of p53 transcriptional pathways in breast cancers. J Pathol 220(4): 419-434. Allred, D.C., Clark, G.M., Elledge, R., Fuqua, S.A., Brown, R.W., Chamness, G.C., Osborne, C.K. & Mcguire, W.L. 1993. Association of p53 protein expression with tumor cell proliferation rate and clinical outcome in node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 85(3): 200-206. Barbareschi, M., Caffo, O., Veronese, S., Leek, R.D., Fina, P., Fox, S., Bonzanini, M., Girlando, S., Morelli, L., Eccher, C., Pezzella, F., Doglioni, C., Dalla Palma, P. & Harris, A. 1996. Bcl-2 and p53 expression in node-negative breast carcinoma: a study with long-term follow-up. Hum Pathol 27(11): 1149-1155. Bartek, J., Bartkova, J., Vojtesek, B., Staskova, Z., Rejthar, A., Kovarik, J. & Lane, D.P. 1990. Patterns of expression of the p53 tumour suppressor in human breast tissues and tumours in situ and in vitro. Int J Cancer. 46(5): 839-844. Berardo, M.D., Elledge, R.M., De Moor, C., Clark, G.M., Osborne, C.K. & Allred, D.C. 1998. bcl-2 and apoptosis in lymph node positive breast carcinoma. Cancer 82(7): 1296-1302. Bonnefoy-Berard, N., Aouacheria, A., Verschelde, C., Quemeneur, L., Marcais, A. & Marvel, J. 2004. Control of proliferation by Bcl-2 family members. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1644(2-3): 159-168 Charpin, C., Garcia, S., Bonnier, P., Martini, F., Andrac, L., Horschowski, N., Lavaut, M.N. & Allasia, C. 1998. bcl-2 automated and quantitative immunocytochemical assays in breast carcinomas: correlation with 10-year follow-up. J Clin Oncol 16(6): 2025-2031. Coles, C., Condie, A., Chetty, U., Steel, C.M., Evans, H.J. & Prosser, J. 1992. p53 mutations in breast cancer. Cancer Res 52(19): 5291-5298. Coppola, D., Catalano, E. & Nicosia, S. V. 1999. Significance of p53 and Bcl-2 Protein Expression in Human Breast Ductal Carcinoma. Cancer Control 6(2): 181-187. Davidoff, A. M., Kerns, B. J., Iglehart, J. D. & Marks, J. R. 1991. Maintenance of p53 alterations throughout breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 51(10): 2605-2610. Gasparini, G., Barbareschi, M., Doglioni, C., Palma, P.D., Mauri, F.A., Boracchi, P., Bevilacqua, P., Caffo, O., Morelli, L., Verderio, P. & Et Al. 1995. Expression of bcl-2 protein predicts efficacy of adjuvant treatments in operable node-positive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1(2): 189-198. Hainaut, P., Hernandez, T., Robinson, A., Rodriguez-Tome, P., Flores, T., Hollstein, M., Harris, C.C. & Montesano, R. 1998. IARC Database of p53 gene mutations in human tumors and cell lines: updated compilation, revised formats and new visualisation tools. Nucleic Acids Res 26(1): 205-213. Haldar, S., Negrini, M., Monne, M., Sabbioni, S. & Croce, C. M. 1994. Down-regulation of bcl-2 by p53 in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 54(8): 2095-2097. Hockenbery, D., Nunez, G., Milliman, C., Schreiber, R. D. & Korsmeyer, S. J. 1990. Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death. Nature. 348(6299): 334-336. Isola, J., Visakorpi, T., Holli, K. & Kallioniemi, O. P. 1992. Association of overexpression of tumor suppressor protein p53 with rapid cell proliferation and poor prognosis in node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 84(14): 1109-1114. Joensuu, H., Pylkkanen, L. & Toikkanen, S. 1994. Bcl-2 protein expression and long-term survival in breast cancer. Am J Pathol 145(5): 1191-1198. Kovach, J.S., Hartmann, A., Blaszyk, H., Cunningham, J., Schaid, D. & Sommer, S.S. 1996. Mutation detection by highly sensitive methods indicates that p53 gene mutations in breast cancer can have important prognostic value. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(3): 1093-6. Kroemer, G. 1997. The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis. Nat Med 3(6): 614-620. Lau, R., Grimson, R., Sansome, C., Tornos, C. & Moll, U. M. 2001. Low levels of cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 combined with high levels of Ki-67 predict shortened disease-free survival in T1 and T2 invasive breast carcinomas. Int J Oncol 18(1): 17-23. Leek, R.D., Kaklamanis, L., Pezzella, F., Gatter, K.C. & Harris, A. L. 1994. bcl-2 in normal human breast and carcinoma, association with oestrogen receptor-positive, epidermal growth factor receptor-negative tumours and in situ cancer. Br J Cancer. 69(1): 135-139. Levine, A. J. 1997. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88(3): 323-331. Lim, G.C.C., Yahaya, H. & Lim, T.O. 2003. The First Report of The National Cancer Registry Cancer Incidence in Malaysia. July 2003 ed. Molina, R., Segui, M.A., Climent, M.A., Bellmunt, J., Albanelll, J., Fernandez, M., Filella, X., Jo, J., Gimenez, N., Iglesias, E., Miralles, M., Alonso, C., Peiro, G., Perez-Picanol, E. & Ballesta, A. M. 1998. p53 oncoprotein as a prognostic indicator in patients with breast cancer. Anticancer Res 18(1B): 507-511. Nohara, T., Ryo, T., Iwamoto, S., Gon, G. & Tanigawa, N. 2001. Expression of cell-cycle regulator p27 is correlated to the prognosis and ER expression in breast carcinoma patients. Oncology 60(1): 94-100. Osborne, R.J., Merlo, G.R., Mitsudomi, T., Venesio, T., Liscia, D.S., Cappa, A.P., Chiba, I., Takahashi, T., Nau, M.M., Callahan, R. & Et Al. 1991. Mutations in the p53 gene in primary human breast cancers. Cancer Res 51(22): 6194-6198. Poller, D. N., Roberts, E. C., Bell, J. A., Elston, C. W., Blamey, R. W. & Ellis, I. O. 1993. p53 protein expression in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ: relationship to immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor and c-erbB-2 protein. Hum Pathol 24(5): 463-468. Schmitt, F.C., Leal, C. & Lopes, C. 1995. p53 protein expression and nuclear DNA content in breast intraductal proliferations. J Pathol 176(3): 233-241. Sgambato, A., Migaldi, M., Leocata, P., Ventura, L., Criscuolo, M., Di Giacomo, C., Capelli, G., Cittadini, A. & De Gaetani, C. 2000. Loss of p27Kip1 expression is a strong independent prognostic factor of reduced survival in N0 gastric carcinomas. Cancer. 89(11): 2247-2257. Silvestrini, R., Benini, E., Daidone, M.G., Veneroni, S., Boracchi, P., Cappelletti, V., Di Fronzo, G. & Veronesi, U. 1993. p53 as an independent prognostic marker in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 85(12): 965-970. Silvestrini, R., Veneroni, S., Daidone, M.G., Benini, E., Boracchi, P., Mezzetti, M., Di Fronzo, G., Rilke, F. & Veronesi, U. 1994. The Bcl-2 protein: a prognostic indicator strongly related to p53 protein in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 86(7): 499-504. Simon, R. & Altman, D.G. 1994. Statistical aspects of prognostic factor studies in oncology. Br J Cancer. 69(6): 979-685. Thor, A.D., Moore, D.H., Ii, Edgerton, S.M., Kawasaki, E.S., Reihsaus, E., Lynch, H.T., Marcus, J.N., Schwartz, L., Chen, L.C., Mayall, B.H. & Et Al. 1992. Accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene protein: an independent marker of prognosis in breast cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 84(11): 845-855. Walker, R.A., Dearing, S.J., Lane, D.P. & Varley, J.M. 1991. Expression of p53 protein in infiltrating and in-situ breast carcinomas. J Pathol 165(3): 203-211. Watson, A.J., Merritt, A.J., Jones, L.S., Askew, J.N., Anderson, E., Becciolini, A., Balzi, M., Potten, C.S. & Hickman, J.A. 1996. Evidence of reciprocity of bcl-2 and p53 expression in human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Br J Cancer. 73(8): 889-895. Zhang, G.J., Kimijima, I., Abe, R., Kanno, M., Katagata, N., Hara, K., Watanabe, T. & Tsuchiya, A. 1997. Correlation between the expression of apoptosis-related bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins and the carcinogenesis and progression of breast carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 3(12 Pt 1): 2329-2335.